Step-by-step diagnosis and management of the nocebo/drucebo effect in statin-associated muscle symptoms patients: a position paper from the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP) /

Peter E Penson; Eric Bruckert; David Marais; Željko Reiner; Matteo Pirro; Amirhossein Sahebkar; Gani Bajraktari; Erkin Mirrakhimov; Manfredi Rizzo; Dimitri P Mikhailidis; Alexandros Sachinidis; Dan Gaita; Gustavs Latkovskis; Mohsen Mazidi; Peter P Toth; Daniel Pella; Fahad Alnouri; Arman Postadzhiyan; Hung-I Yeh; G B John Mancini; Stephan von Haehling; Maciej Banach

doi:10.1002/jcsm.12960

Title	Step-by-step diagnosis and management of the nocebo/drucebo effect in statin-associated muscle symptoms patients: a position paper from the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP) /
Authors	Penson, Peter E ; Bruckert, Eric ; Marais, David ; Reiner, Željko ; Pirro, Matteo ; Sahebkar, Amirhossein ; Bajraktari, Gani ; Mirrakhimov, Erkin ; Rizzo, Manfredi ; Mikhailidis, Dimitri P ; Sachinidis, Alexandros ; Gaita, Dan ; Latkovskis, Gustavs ; Mazidi, Mohsen ; Toth, Peter P ; Pella, Daniel ; Alnouri, Fahad ; Postadzhiyan, Arman ; Yeh, Hung-I ; Mancini, G B John ; von Haehling, Stephan ; Banach, Maciej
DOI	10.1002/jcsm.12960
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Is Part of	Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle.. Hoboken : Wiley. 2022, vol.13, no. 3, p. 1596-1622.. ISSN 2190-5991. eISSN 2190-6009
Keywords [eng]	drucebo effect ; nocebo effect ; SAMS ; statin intolerance
Abstract [eng]	Statin intolerance is a clinical syndrome whereby adverse effects (AEs) associated with statin therapy [most commonly statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS)] result in the discontinuation of therapy and consequently increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, complete statin intolerance occurs in only a small minority of treated patients (estimated prevalence of only 3-5%). Many perceived AEs are misattributed (e.g. physical musculoskeletal injury and inflammatory myopathies), and subjective symptoms occur as a result of the fact that patients expect them to do so when taking medicines (the nocebo/drucebo effect)-what might be truth even for over 50% of all patients with muscle weakness/pain. Clear guidance is necessary to enable the optimal management of plasma in real-world clinical practice in patients who experience subjective AEs. In this Position Paper of the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP), we present a step-by-step patient-centred approach to the identification and management of SAMS with a particular focus on strategies to prevent and manage the nocebo/drucebo effect and to improve long-term compliance with lipid-lowering therapy.
Published	Hoboken : Wiley
Type	Journal article
Language	English
Publication date	2022
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„Step-by-step diagnosis and management of the nocebo/drucebo effect in statin-associated muscle symptoms patients: a position paper from the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP) /“