| Abstract [eng] |
The natural water bodies, as well as terrestrial ecosystems, are directly loaded with radionuclides of anthropogenic origin after incidents at various nuclear power facilities. Due to their harmful effects on the environment and living organisms, it is essential to quickly and reliably estimate the concentrations of radionuclides when monitoring the ecosystem effects of existing and future nuclear facilities. Therefore, one of the most essential needs at present is the assessment of water reservoir pollution and the development of effective and inexpensive water treatment methods. The purpose of the scientific research summarized in the dissertation is to investigate and compare the conditions for the concentration and separation of cesium and plutonium, important elements from a radioecological point of view, from an aqueous medium, using materials of biological origin (biosorbents) or chemically modified biowaste, to determine the sorption capacity of biosorbents and the prospects for their use in environmental studies. The sorption capacity and distribution coefficient of 10 sorbents for cesium and plutonium ions at different pH values were evaluated. The functional groups of sorbents involved in the sorption process of cesium and plutonium ions were determined, and the binding mechanisms were identified. Natural and modified mosses and sawdust were tested under real conditions, the conditions suitable for the determination of the investigated ions in freshwater were determined, and the best sorbents suitable for the sorption of cesium and plutonium ions were found. |
