| Abstract [eng] |
Radiocarbon in biota is a radioecologically important radionuclide. 14CO2 in the atmosphere enters living organisms through food chains, where it becomes a significant radionuclide of internal radiation. Therefore, new scientific knowledge about the management of radiocarbon emissions from nuclear energy and other nuclear facilities, operation and radioactive waste management both during safety work and in emergency situations becomes relevant. It is important to reveal and experimentally substantiate the mechanisms and effects of the dispersion and accumulation of dangerous radionuclides in environmental debris and their entry into the human body. The aim of the scientific research summarized in this dissertation is to experimentally investigate the influence of the technological processes of the nuclear power plant on the change in the radiocarbon balance in the environment during the entire period of operation, develop a model to assess radiocarbon emissions, dispersion and accumulation in the environment and to assess radiological impact on the environment and residents. Apply the radiocarbon dating methodology to study hydrological and biological processes in the environment. The 14C pollution created in the environment by the Ignalina NPP during the entire period of operation and its decommissioning periods was evaluated. The comprehensive 14C dispersion model helps to reconstruct how 14C was released into the environment from INPP over a period of time, helping to restore the history of INPP operation and events. Measurements of 14C specific activity in tree rings can be used as an indirect tool to assess gaseous emissions from NPPs before and after decommissioning. It is estimated that the operation of Ignalina NPP created an additional effective dose to the population through the food chain, which averaged 0.81 µSv per year. |
