| Abstract [eng] |
This paper deals with the problems of verb aspect identification process caused by the diversity of means of expression in English and Lithuanian languages. Both languages have different morphological and syntactic features, as the English language is analytical, while Lithuanian is synthetic. In Lithuanian language, unlike the analytical languages, has a lot of flexing and few auxiliary words and the word order is free. It also reviews the debates of scientists on the distribution peculiarities of aspects in English and Lithuanian languages. It is noted that scientists, who analysed the semantics of verb aspect, their distribution structure based on the classic Vendler's distribution, but everyone propose subdivisions of verb aspect predicate or vice versa, propose to combine two or even three types under one title of the new notion. Their findings are supported by examples taken from investigated languages as well as the observations and drawn conclusions out of contrastive analysis of more languages. Due to fact that there is a lack of investigation of the area, there are a lot of controversial arguments and could not be found strongly argumented and proved conclusions based on the findings. It is noted that not all the observations could be applied to different languages, but in the level of semantics of similar languages possible similar equivalents of linguistic expressions, but the means in different languages may be different. In this work it occurs by comparing with the aspect case in Lithuanian and English languages. The objective in this paper is by employing a comparative method to analyse the means of expression and semantic expression elements of an accomplishment aspect process of Lithuanian and English languages. Therefore there are defined concepts of perfect aspect and their classification elements, also there are given various classifications of various scientists, as well as the provided revealing on what criteria scholars base their dividing of verb aspect predicates. The paper is based on empirical material, which consists of 256 units of verb aspect, collected from Skomantas' novel \"Wolf\" (2003) written in Lithuanian language and the English translation \"The Fen Wolf \"(1997). The paper reveals a comparison of means of expression in semantics transference of verb aspect in Lithuanian and English. There is provided a comparison of morphological and grammatical structure in elected co-texts of two languages. Observations of English and Lithuanian linguists and the newest findings were applied for analysing and grouping selected verb aspect predicate examples. In the paper there were applied methods of scientific linguistic literature analysis, contrastive linguistic analysis and a typological method as well. The analysis revealed that a variety of means of expression a verb aspect in both languages is obvious. If one of the languages lacks certain means of expression, it is compensated by other means of expression. There were cases when the verb in general, was not even used, instead of it the semantics of action is transferred by other language tools, for instance, only the context and etc. The lowest amount of all detected perfective aspect perfectivization processes were specific and general perfective cases, as their formation is more sophisticated and complicated and less applied especially in this kind of literature, which was chosen for collecting, identifying and grouping the examples. |
