| Abstract [eng] |
The Master's thesis analyses the Lithuanian legal system and its functional subsystems of legislation, jurisdiction and jurisprudence. The analysis is based on the Constitution, various legal acts of the Republic of Lithuania, which in one way or another establish the competences, activities and processes of the state institutions that implement the functions of the subsystems. Relevant rulings of the Constitutional Court are also used in parallel with the legislation to further clarify the limits of the application of the law, the interaction and relations between the institutions, and other relevant issues. To expand the theoretical considerations, the ideas of legal scholars are reproduced or quoted to complement and/or deepen the issue at hand. This theme is most clearly revealed through the principle of the separation of powers, as the legislative, executive and judicial branches are responsible for the achievement of the objectives of the legal system and the continued functioning of the State. The work briefly introduces the concept and meaning of the legal system, analyses the legislative process, the subjects entitled to express legislative initiative and the subjects entitled to implement the legislative process, and examines in more detail the role of the Seimas as the representative of the legislative power. The analysis moves on to a discussion of the jurisdictional sub-system, which examines the division of functions between the representatives of the executive branch and the specific features of their autonomy and subordination. The judiciary is then introduced, comprising the courts of general jurisdiction and their hierarchy, the specialised administrative courts and the Constitutional Court, and an analysis of the functions exercised by each court. The Master's thesis concludes with an analysis of jurisprudence, which provides an overview of legal education, the qualification requirements for specific positions such as judge, lawyer, prosecutor and the doctrine developed by legal scholars. |
