| Abstract [eng] |
An introduction is a short description telling about the critics evaluation of the works of Leo Tolstoy. The theme The hero and the medium in the early works of Leo Tolstoy hasn’t received a detailed investigation yet. Consequently, our aim is to analyze the theme on five early writer’s works basis. My work’s background consists of five chapters: I. Chapter. The death of the hero in the faulty medium. («Записки маркёра»); II. Chapter. The attempts of the hero to change the medium. («Утро помещика»); III. Chapter. The hero surrounded by the people of advanced civilization. («Люцерн»); IV. Chapter. The danger of the attractive medium. («Семейное счастье»); V. Chapter. The attempts of the hero to find happiness in the exotic medium. («Казаки»). The main hero of the first work is young and rich landlord. He hadn’t any occupation, any aim of life. Due to this reason, the hero had been influenced by the faulty medium, which caused his death after the arrival in Saint-Peterburg. The hero was enslaved by the gambler’s passion, he lost everything he had. Such hero’s actions were harmful not only to himself but also to his peasants. Admitting any possibility to change his life and hopeless about the future he committed suicide. The main hero of the second work gives up his studies and goes to the countryside in order to help peasants. He isn’t able to fulfill his dreams. People disbelieved in good hero’s intentions. Even young landlord didn’t know, misunderstood many things in this medium. Peasants did nothing to improve their lives. The main hero of the third work arrives in the resort city of Switzerland. The hero admires the beautiful Switzerland nature. Nature is the brightest side of the new environment. According to the hero, the dark side consists of everything unnatural, of everything which is touched by a civilization. The people of an advanced civilization listened nomadic musician’s songs with attention, but gave him nothing, no money. The hero was shaken by such behavior. He bids the defiance to these people, revenges for such behavior with the musician. The hero thoughts are innovative, courageous, consequently, not acceptable to the people of an advanced civilization. The main heroine of the fourth work is young, beautiful. She tells the story of her life since the time she had been seventeen. The heroine is bored by the countryside life as she dreams about lively, full of danger life. She married and it changed her life. However, after two months, the boredom appeared again. The family decided to leave the countryside and to live in a city. The heroine becomes self-lover, lose her sincerity. After some time, she feels disappointed and returns to the countryside. The main hero of the fifth work wants to be close to nature. He leaves Moscow and travels to Caucasus. He wishes he were happy there, he wishes he found an ideal world. In the beginning, it seems that his dreams come true. The Cossack’s life interests him, he is especially attracted by the harmony in their life. To become a Cossack, he needs to sacrifice his past. There were some misunderstandings between the main hero and the Cossacks. It is difficult for a man to change his way of thinking, to refuse his past and feel the close union with the Cossacks. |
