| Abstract [eng] |
Speed is a man’s capability to perform particular motor-control movements during a minimal period under certain conditions (Špokas, 1986). There are many motor-control movements which efficiency depends on a man’s speed capabilities. There are many forms of speed as well (Skurvydas, Stanislovaits and Mačiukas, 1996). The following three speed components are distinguished: the speed of reaction, the capability to perform motor-control movements quickly and the capability to perform the motor-control movements at maximum speed (Špokas, 1986). The training of speed capabilities is a constituent part of total training. The scientists defined that strength, spring, coordination and special stamina are improved while performing the exercises of speed developing (Radžiukynas and Burokas, 1990). In the present study the following hypothesis was formulated: to justify methodically whether optimal physical loads, which are applied in accordance to a sportsman’s age and psychological peculiarities, allow to use more effectively their abilities and to reach the appropriate results with lesser time and physical input. The aim of the present work is to establish the possibilities of long jumpers’ development as well as the validity and efficiency which are used in a real process of their training of various singleness means. To achieve the aim the following objectives have been set: 1. To analyze the factors which determine the speed and its training possibilities in a stage from 16 to 18 years old. 2. To analyze the peculiarities, tendencies and trends of speed training of 16-18 year-old long jumpers. 3. To analyze the arrangement as well as the rationality of physical exercises which are used during the training process. 4. To establish the influence of speed and other physical training exercises load to the result of competition. The following main conclusions have been formulated on the basis of the research which has been carried out in the present study: Long-jumpers’ sport results as a feature of coordination competence is determined by natural abilities, motor-control, actions and their combinations performed on time (qualitative feature) as well as speed (quantitative feature), the ability to master the motor-control technique of long jump ( it is quite complicated as it is necessary to coordinate the motor-control movements under given high body motor-control movement speed), the body adaptation to the loads which require speed force, the quality of sport developing process, a coach’s capability to model train a sportsman. The means of long jumpers’ development may be arranged in a training process gradually or concentrically. The former sport load arrangement is more effective. Two training meso-periods have to compose the training period which lasts for four months: the pre-start warming-up competition and the main competition. It is purposeful to plan the process of training according to micro-periods as different sport loads have to be applied during the training before the competitions and after them During the competition period the main attention is paid to the motor-control performance under a high speed as well as the improvement of technique of long jump motor-control. The trainings are short, but intensive with prolonged rest periods. The long-jumpers’ training quality is characterized by a sport result, the rate of its increase, a sportsman’s motivation, personality’s psychological disposition without specific inner opposition to perform the loads which require speed power. The betterment of results proved the rationality of training. |
