| Abstract [eng] |
The subject of the work is two publications of Alfonsas Nyka-Niliūnas’ “Loss Symphonies”: the first one when they were published in a separate collection in 1946 and the second one when they were published as one chapter of the collection “Poems” ( „Eilėraščiai“) (1996). The novelty of the work topic, its significance is determined by the fact that different publications of Nyka-Niliūnas‘ “Loss Symphonies” have been hardly analyzed in a comparative aspect. The main problems studied in the master thesis are as follows: according to what poetic, aesthetic logic the poems of “Loss Symphonies” were edited, corrected, re-created; in what way these edits, corrections, re-creations are specific; is it possible to distinguish any general tendencies of theirs. The aim of the master thesis is to reveal differences (and similarities) of two publications of Nyka-Niliūnas‘ “Loss Symphonies” (the year 1946 and the year 1996), in a comparative way analyzing how the pieces of the first publication were corrected, re-created. In order to achieve this aim the following objectives have been raised: (a) to choose the research methods and to structure the course of the analysis; (b) to make the linguistic aspect relevant and to analyze the corrections of the formal grammatical level that were performed in the second publication as well as to analyze their system; (c) to analyze the corrections, re-creations or eliminations of the pieces or their fragments related to the problem of the artistic value that were performed in the second publication, to find out if any correction, elimination system of such kind exists; (d) to analyze how new pieces, their fragments are integrated into the second publication; (e) having selected one of the most typical, conceptual pieces, the comparative textological-literary analysis of both their publications have been performed. In the work the methods of the textological, comparative, linguistic, literary analysis as well as the attitudes of literary axiology are used. All the methods of the analysis are applied in a flexible way and they are integrated into each other in the work. Having performed the comparative analysis of both publications, the following conclusions are drawn. The changes of the formal–linguistic text level, i.e. the corrections of punctuation, spelling, elementary grammar, etc in the second publication of “Loss Symphonies” are fairly systematic, they are often performed because it is important not to deviate from the existing new norms of the literary language or because the poetic language is improved, the structure of the sentence, line, phrase is arranged. The work texts of the second publication are systematically made close shortening lines and sentences. In order to find a more original expression, those texts, their parts, fragments are corrected, re-created in which stiff epithets, images, clichéd motives, poetic abstractions are found. In the second publication it is avoidable to “subtilize”, overload the sentence with unnecessary “redundant” segments, certain text sections – phrases, lines, strophes – sometimes even the whole work is rejected in a quite purposeful way. Those segments of “Loss Symphonies” are eliminated that operate established images, obsolete rhetoric which issue the expression of feelings and too straightforward expression of emotions. In the second publication more intertexts, cultural contexts enabling wider interpretations appear. The first publication is more optimistic, the manifestations of believing in man and life are found, here the lyric subject is more enthusiastic but he is dependent on conditions, not entirely autonomous. In the second publication mood tones are gloomier, sometimes even desperate, the destiny is often accepted the way it is but the lyric subject is not dependent on any outside forces. Considering the time of writing and rewriting the pieces it is possible to foresee that many mentioned changes have been determined by the writer’s existential, cultural, aesthetic and other experience, that is why the first and later published versions of “Loss Symphonies” reflect the writer’s individual experiences, the dynamics of the creative process, they especially reflect the intensification of poet’s self-critical feelings. |
