| Abstract [eng] |
Nanoparticles (NP) are already in the composition of commercial products. New methods for medical diagnostics and therapy based on NP are developed. However the mechanisms of NP penetration through protective human barriers, biodistribution in the body, clearance properties and long-term accumulation risk remain undiscovered. This knowledge is needed to optimize biomedical applications of NP and to estimate nanotoxicological effects. This thesis investigates the migration of semiconductor NP – CdSe/ZnS-mPEG quantum dots (QD) in the tissues of experimental animals in vivo by the means of optical methods. The diffusion of QD in extracellular matrix, accumulation in different cell types, and penetration through the barriers of vessel walls, skin and placenta are analyzed. Main results show, that QD migration pathways in the body are distinct form the conventional organic drugs. QD are not transferred through the wall of most blood vessels and don‘t extravasate into the tissues. It can be used for imaging of blood vessels, angiogenesis and vessel damage research. It is shown, that QD diffusion in the tissues is limited by dense tissue fiber layers, e.g. basement membrane, and it retains QD from passage to epidermis, hair follicles, dermal glands, nerves and muscle cells. These results can be used to explore the mechanisms of biological barriers, contribute to the estimation of QD safety and expand the application areas of QD in biomedicine. |
