| Abstract [eng] |
SUMMARY Potato mop-top virus (genus Pomovirus) and Tobacco rattle virus (genus Tobravirus) – soil born viruses. These pathogenes are distributed worldwide and can significantly reduce the quality and yield of potato and other horticultural plants. So in recent years more and more people are interesting in these viruses. These viruses are responsible for economic losses in potato crops. To control the spread of viruses is vary difficult, so nowadays it is a serious problem, which everybody wants to solve it. Virus control depends on vector management, so the main purpose of this article was to know more about these viruses and thier vectors and to do first steps to finding ways of viruses’ suitable control measures. PMTV has narrow range of hosts. On the contrary TRV has a very wide natural host range. So it is one of the differences from these soil borne viruses. However diagnosis is further complicated by the fact that TRV and PMTV are very similar viruses, even they can cause similar symptoms to indicator plants. So to diagnose reliable these viruses by visual symptoms are very difficult. Just in indicator plant N. benthamiana these soil borne viruses cause different symptoms: PMTV cause sistemical reaction, sistemical mosaic spreads in whole plant and TRV cause local lessions. PMTV and TRV were identificated with different molecular methods. These viruses were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. DAS-ELISA was shown to be more sensetive and reliable method for PMTV than TRV. Other molecular methods such as RT-PGR, IC-RT-PGR are effective and sensitive for identification of both soil born viruses. PMTV and TRV are rod-shaped viruses. TRV was purified. Purification and electron microscopy – these two methods helped to see the morphology of TRV. There was made an experiment which show how quickly PMTV spread in different indicator plants. It was seen the pathogenesis and infectivity of this soil born virus. In 3 days after inoculation PMTV was identified by ELISA method in some indicator plants. It seems that very similar spread must be and in the natural PMTV host – Solanum tuberosum L. To control plant viruses are very difficult, practically impossible. First of all you must to control the vector of virus. So in this scientific work it was trying to know more about the vector of PMTV - the fungy Spongospora subterranea. It was established the productivity, infectivity of this vector. |
