| Abstract [eng] |
This paper will analyze the domestic violence prevention problems and perspectives. The goal of this work is to discuss the main domestic violence characteristics, analyze Lithuanian and international prevention means and offer suggestions to improve Lithuanian domestic violence prevention. This work consentrates on mens violence over women. The conseption of violence is analyzed – the general violence features in criminology and law literature are discussed, the main domestic violence forms are defined: physical, psychological, sexual and economical violence. Also the common violence and the domestic violence factors influence over the domestic violence emerging are examined – various social causes (unemployement, wealth inequality, discrimination, shame), persons psychosocial maladjustment, violence suffered or observed in childhood, previous criminal activity, alcohol consumption and head traumas. Also there will be named the consequences of domestic violence over its victims, children who observed parents violence, violator and society. There will be presented a comprehensive statistics on the registered domestic violence accidents with a parallel analyze of criminological research results. The conclusion that the domestic violence is important and common problem in Lithuania is validated by generalization of the official comprehensive statistics and the criminological research results used in this work. The structure of the domestic violence will be analyzed. Also, results of this work author research of Vilnius District Court criminal cases over 2003-2008 years associated with domestic violence will be presented, and it clearly depicts main domestic violence indications – domestic violence extent, womens domination among victims, physical and psyhological violence domination and fact, that judiclal system is informed about domestic violence only in most severe cases, domestic violence spread rate and other fundamental statements, presented in other researches. Lithuanian law and institutional preventions apllied in Lithuania will be analyzed in this work. The criminal and administrative liability practise on violators is considered, the Republic of Lithuania Criminal Code amendments (which tightened the responsibility for some of the violent crimes committed by family members or close relatives living together and extended the punitive measures that may be designated) is evaluated. The preventive program is analyzed: State violence against women strategy for the reduction and protection from domestic violence and the concept of the project. Objectives of the preventive measures is overviewed, their main weaknesses and advantages are identified. The paper also analyzed the aid to the victims of domestic violence, and violent behavior change programs for violators in the organizations and main occuring problems. The paper also discuss international organizations in detail - the United Nations, the European Council and the European Union – and their prevention of domestic violence activities (campaigns organized against domestic violence, the adoption of declarations, recommendations, resolutions, guidelines), analyzes the most interesting and promising foreign (Austria, the United States, Holland, Finland and Sweden) domestic violence prevention practices, which perhaps could be adapted and Lithuania (for example, in Austria the violators oustion of the person's residence and the broad nature communication restriction with victim). Domestic violence prevention perspective is presented at the end of the work, the main Lithuania preventive activities future development directions are provided with suggestions how to improve domestic violence prevention in order to maximize its effectiveness. |
