| Abstract [eng] |
Relevance and aim of the study. The reconstruction of bone defects is one of the most frequently performed surgeries in medicine and dentistry. Due to autologous bone’s shortcomings, the search for advanced bone substitutes continues. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three-dimensional polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA/bioglass 45S5 (BG) scaffolds and their constructs, supplemented with dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) or their extracellular matrix (ECM), on bone regeneration process in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods. PLA and PLA/BG scaffolds were made using a fused deposition modelling printer. Using DPSC suspension isolated from Wistar rats, PLA-DPSC, PLA-ECM, PLA/BG-DPSC and PLA/BG-ECM constructs were made. In vitro cytokine evaluation in DPSC secretomes and vertical endothelial cells (EC) migration were carried out. The scaffolds’ and constructs’ effect on new bone formation was assessed in Wistar rats’ critical-size calvarial bone defects by micro-computed tomography and histological analysis. Results. Secretomes of DPSC incubated on PLA and PLA/BG scaffolds contained 11 signaling molecules involved in the inflammatory response, wound healing, regulation of osteogenesis and angiogenesis, and cellular calcium ion homeostasis. There was a statistically significantly higher EC migration on PLA/BG scaffolds than in PLA group. The highest bone amount formed in defects filled with PLA/BG and PLA/BG-ECM samples. Conclusions. The scaffolds’ effect on organism response was related to inflammatory process, wound healing, regulation of osteogenesis and angiogenesis, and cellular calcium ion homeostasis. PLA/BG scaffolds and constructs showed higher angioinductive potential in vitro and new bone formation in vivo than PLA scaffolds and constructs. Further research is needed to continue improving PLA/BG scaffolds’ properties. |
