| Abstract [eng] |
Pain is an unpleasant psychological and sensory experience arising from actual or potential tissue damage and is frequently related to dental treatment. Local anesthesia is an effective and safe way of managing pain; however, it can cause adverse effects that clinicians must be aware of. The following master’s thesis focuses on the most common complications and techniques of local anesthesia in dental, oral, and maxillofacial surgery. These complications include hematoma, edema, trismus, paresthesia, facial blanching, facial nerve paralysis, ophthalmologic complications, infection, needle fracture, and tissue necrosis. The most common maxillary, mandibular, and supplemental injection techniques used in oral and maxillofacial surgery are overviewed in this literature review. The thesis also briefly concentrates on the significance of a thorough evaluation of the patient’s medical history to recognize all the potential risk factors before the local anesthesia injection. The importance of proper knowledge of anatomy and materials; as well as the correct choice of the local anesthetic formulation and technique according to the preoperative evaluation of the patient and the procedure has been explained. Although most of these complications are rare, the performance of proper guidelines by the clinician can significantly reduce the incidence of various adverse effects. Lastly, the importance of preventive measurements and management of complications associated with administering local anesthesia are described in this paper. |
