| Abstract [eng] |
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of central nervous system with unclear aetiology. Autoimmune processes, that are key characteristic of this disorder, trigger the typical multifocal infiltration of lymphocytes, which, in turn, cause demyelination, destruction of neurons/axons and, by extensions, the presentation of a variety of neurologic symptoms. Clinically isolated syndrome is the first episode of such acute neurologic dysfunction, suggestive of demyelinating disorder of central nervous system, without sufficient evidence of fever or infection being recorded, lasting at least 24 hours. The high risk of conversion to multiple sclerosis is the usual prognosis for the majority of patients. Based on the updated 2017 revisions of the McDonald diagnostic criteria, crucial information necessary for an appropriate diagnosis is as follow: detailed anamnesis, symptomatic manifestation of the pathology, clinical examination, laboratory tests and characteristic lesions in brain and spinal cord in the results of magnetic resonance imaging. Dissemination in space and time are the core attributes of objective clinical evidence that is necessary in order to recognize multiple sclerosis as early as possible or predict the conversion. This article presents a clinical case report, which depicts the conversion of clinically isolated syndrome to multiple sclerosis along with the key aspects of the entire process. Furthermore, a literature review also provides additional insight regarding the details about the 2017 revisions of McDonald diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis and the prognostic criteria of the conversion of clinically isolated syndrome. |
