| Abstract [eng] |
Aim of the study: To assess the effectiveness of aerobic exercise in individuals with cardiovascular system disorders such as ischemic heart disease or heart failure by analyzing research studies. Tasks of work: 1. To analyze the effectiveness of aerobic exercise on cardiovascular risk factors and cardiopulmonary parameters in individuals with ischemic heart disease or heart failure, based on selected scientific literature. 2. To analyze the use and effectiveness of personalized aerobic exercise in individuals with ischemic heart disease, based on selected scientific literature. 3. To analyze the use and effectiveness of personalized aerobic exercise in individuals with heart failure, based on selected scientific literature. Methodology of investigation: The systematic literature review was written in accordance with the PRISMA requirements for systematic literature reviews. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for research studies by one independent researcher according to a search strategy tailored to each database. The search for research articles was based on the publication date of the studies, which had to be between 2013 and 2023. The number of publications screened for keyword combinations was 922, of which 11 publications were included in the systematic literature review after screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: To assess effectiveness, the data from all the selected studies were organized into a single table of study results, showing the mean and standard deviation of the different scores for the study groups before and after the aerobic training. Efficacy is assessed by the results obtained between the groups of studies with statistical significance. Of the outcome measures included in the systematic literature review, the most statistically significant results were obtained for maximal oxygen uptake and the 6–minute walk test after aerobic training between groups. Of the 7 studies in which aerobic exercise was used, in four the experimental group showed statistically significant higher results for maximal oxygen uptake than the control group without or with a different type of aerobic intervention (p–value 0.0004; 0.001; 0.009; 0.05). When analyzing the results of the 6–minute walking test, of the 6 studies evaluating this test, four found a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p–value 0.001; 0.001; 0.025; 0.0483). Conclusions: 1. Based on the data of the systematic literature review, aerobic training from 3 weeks onwards in subjects with ischemic heart disease or heart failure has the greatest beneficial effect on maximal oxygen uptake and 6-minute walk test scores. 2. According to the research studies evaluating the effectiveness of aerobic exercise in individuals with ischemic heart disease or heart failure, personalized aerobic exercise is more effective than non–personalized aerobic exercise for the cardiovascular health of individuals. 3. According to the analyzed studies, personalized aerobic training in individuals with ischemic heart disease has the greatest effect on maximal oxygen uptake when the duration of aerobic training is at least 8 weeks. 4. According to the analyzed studies, personalized aerobic training in individuals with heart failure has the greatest effect on maximal oxygen uptake and the 6–minute walk test when the duration of aerobic training is at least 10 weeks. |
