| Keywords [eng] |
autoriaus pozicija, autoriaus pozicijos strategijos, episteminė strategija, paveikumo strategija, vertinimo strategija, politinis diskursas, anglų kalba, lenkų kalba, stance, stancetaking strategies, epistemic, effective, attitudinal, political discourse, English, Polish |
| Abstract [eng] |
This thesis focuses on epistemic, effective, and attitudinal stancetaking strategies in American and Polish political discourse. The study investigates the distribution and use of the categories of epistemic, effective, and attitudinal stance in political speeches on the war in Ukraine delivered by the President of the United States of America Joe Biden, and the President of the Republic of Poland, Andrzej Duda. Stance as well as stance-related approaches, such as modality, evidentiality, or evaluation, have been widely analysed in different languages and discourses. However, epistemic, effective, and attitudinal stance have not been examined before in the Polish political discourse. Thus, the aim of this study is to reveal how politicians representing two different countries and cultures express their positioning on the war in Ukraine and what factors may determine the distribution of stancetaking strategies in their discourse. The results have shown a different distribution of epistemic, effective, and attitudinal stance in the speeches of the American and Polish Presidents. Joe Biden prefers the use of effective stance, while Andrzej Duda favours the use of attitudinal stance. Joe Biden’s preference in the use of effective stance could be explained by the fact that it enables the speaker to control the realization of an event, which is of great importance when addressing an international audience. Andrzej Duda’s preference in the use of attitudinal stance could be substantiated by the proximity both to the audience and the event. The most common category of epistemic stance is Epistemic Modality, both in American and Polish discourse. There is a difference in the use of the categories of effective stance due to Joe Biden’s preference in the use of Intentionality and Andrzej Duda’s preference in the use of Deonticity. Both speakers convey attitudinal stance mainly through lexical means and show identical preference in the use of evaluative parameters. The findings of this study not only may contribute to the fulfilment of the existent gap and expansion of the present knowledge on epistemic, effective, and attitudinal stancetaking strategies in political discourse, especially in the context of war, but also can serve as a reference point for scholars who would be interested in the investigation of the same issue. It is recommended to continue this research, since it is the first comparative study regarding the use of epistemic, effective, and attitudinal stancetaking strategies in American and Polish political discourse. |
