| Abstract [eng] |
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. The pathogenesis of DM is closely related to oxidative stress (OS), which increases the risk of various complications. The ability to predict the development of specific complications as early as possible would prevent their occurrence, which is why epigenetic DM biomarkers are being investigated. The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of selected miRNAs (miR-16, miR-17, miR-106a, and miR-223) in leukocyte samples obtained from type I (T1DM, N = 40), type II (T2DM, N = 38), and non-diabetic patients (NDP, N = 21) to assess the effect of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO). The obtained data were linked to the indicators of the patients and occurrence of complications. Changes in the expression of additional 10 miRNAs (miR-27a, miR-29a, miR-128, miR-146a, miR-152, miR-155, miR-195, miR-210, miR-222, and miR-499a) were evaluated in 11 samples of DM patients before and after treatment with the antioxidant α-lipoic acid (ALA). The expression of miR-106a was lower in the T2DM group than NDP (p = 0.0287), while the others miRNAs expression did not differ (all p > 0.0500). In T1DM, differences in the expression of miR-16, miR-17, miR-106a and miR-223 were associated with renal and/or cardiovascular diseases, and 4NQO treatment induced a decrease in miR-223 expression in nephropathy or other pathologies (all p < 0 .0500). In the T2DM group, miR-16, miR-17 and miR-106a expression differences were associated with kidney disease and primary arterial hypertension, miR-16 and miR-17 with neuropathy, and miR-17 and miR-106a with retinopathy (all p < 0.0500). In T2DM samples, 4NQO treatment induced an increase in the expression of miR-106a in chronic kidney disease (p = 0.0312) and miR-223 in retinopathy (p = 0.0245). In the ALA-treated group, after exposure to 4NQO, the expression of miR-155 and miR-210 was decreased in post-ALA samples compared to pre-ALA (both p < 0.0500), however no differences were found in the expression of miRNAs tested in 4NQO untreated leukocytes before and after treatment (all p > 0.0500). In conclusion, the results of this study indicate the potential roles of miR-16, miR-17, miR-106a, and miR-223 in OS-dependent development of T1DM and T2DM complications. Additional studies with larger independent samples are required to confirm these associations. |
