| Keywords [eng] |
Cardiovascular disease, HIV, Antiretroviral therapy, Chronic inflammation, Immune activation, Cardiovascular risk factors, Healthy lifestyle, Preventive treatment. |
| Abstract [eng] |
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This is due to various factors, such as chronic inflammation and immune activation associated with HIV infection, as well as traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as smoking, hypertension, and diabetes. To provide an up-to-date overview of cardiovascular disease in HIV, a literature review was conducted using scientific research articles gathered from the PubMed online database. Studies have shown that HIV-positive individuals have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, with dyslipidemia being a significant contributing factor. While newer antiretroviral therapy regimens may have fewer negative cardiovascular effects, lifestyle interventions and medications such as aspirin, statins, and Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors can also reduce cardiovascular disease risk in people living with HIV. However, assessing cardiovascular risk in people living with HIV is challenging due to limited data and unique risk factors associated with HIV infection. Multicomponent interventions that include physical activity and healthy dieting are effective in preventing cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV. Despite national HIV programs and risk reduction strategies, utilization of preventive medication and achievement of cholesterol and blood pressure targets are suboptimal in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. |
