| Abstract [eng] |
The goal of the study: To find out methods of stomach cancer prevention. Methods of research: The search for publications was performed in 2022, March 23 using the PubMed database search engine. The following keyword combination was searched: "gastric cancer AND prevention". All publications that meet the inclusion criteria are included. Criteria for inclusion: an open access to the full-text article, a publication published in the last 5 years, an adult age group and methods for preventing stomach cancer are covered in the scientific publication. Exclusion criteria: no open access to a full-text article or an abstract, articles published earlier than 5 years ago, in a language other than English, age group of children and methods of preventing gastric cancer not covered in the scientific publication. Results: 12,666 literature sources were found in the PubMed search engine. 54 articles describing the prevention of gastric cancer were met and included in the literature review. Many studies indicate that the high-risk group should be selected for disease risk factors, including serological and urinary markers, and that the highest-risk group should be stratified using a subset of risk factors. The following serological markers are mainly discussed: pepsinogen, Helicobacter pylori antibodies, gastrin, ghrelin, antibodies against autoimmune gastritis, and urinary markers. However, the most important are invasive examinations: endoscopy, narrowband endoscopy, endoscopy with biopsies and histological examination to improve the sensitivity of examinations, staging systems. The frequency of re-examinations varies depending on the authors and the gastric pathology found. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori and an invasive treatment remains the basis for the treatment of precancerous conditions. Other treatments require additional research. Conclusions: Patient selection based on risk factors and biomarkers is required to achieve prevention goals. Staging systems should be used to accurately determine the risk required for biopsies and to assess the risk. Recommendations for the frequency of re-examinations vary from country to country and from author to author. Treatment to reduce the risk of stomach cancer is complex. |
