| Abstract [eng] |
The aim of the research is to review the latest articles describing the problem of colorectal anastomotic leaks and to assess the relevance of the problem. Anastomotic leakage is the most dangerous postoperative complication of created anastomosis during colorectal cancer surgery. Despite efforts to understand the mechanisms of an anastomotic leak and to prevent its occurrence, the incidence of this complication remains stable at as high as 21%. For this reason, reducing the incidence of anastomosis leakage is one of the highest priorities in colorectal resections. Due to a defect of an anastomosis suture defect, the contents of the intestine enter the abdominal or pelvic cavity and lead to the development of peritonitis, abscess formation, or sepsis. This postoperative complication also significantly increases the risk of patient mortality. Also, anastomotic leakage prolongs patients’ hospitalization time, can lead to additional reoperation, and patients would not be able to get a necessary adjuvant chemotherapy. Anastomotic leak can lead to lower life expectancy without relapse, recurrence of the disease. Moreover, anastomotic leakage can alter bowel movements after healing of the anastomosis. The causes of anastomosis leakage are diverse, including the unique characteristics of the patient's body, surgical techniques, and postoperative care. The scientific literature discusses a wide variety of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative risk factors that can lead to anastomotic leak. Some of these factors are non-modifiable, but most can be adjusted and prevented. The identification and management of risk factors is an important step in reducing the incidence of anastomosis leakage and controlling the complication. |
