| Title |
Treatment of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. minimal invasive treatment options (literature review) / |
| Translation of Title |
Treatment of Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma. Minimal Invasive Treatment Options (Literature Review). |
| Authors |
Wilhelm, Konstantin |
| Full Text |
|
| Pages |
33 |
| Keywords [eng] |
Upper tract urothelial cell cancer, laparoscopic, endoscopic, radical nephroureterectomy, kidney sparing surgery, segmental ureterectomy, percutaneous approach, topical agents, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), microhematuria, macrohematuria, risk stratification, topical agents |
| Abstract [eng] |
Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Cancer (UTUC) involves either the renal pelvis or the ureter. Radical nephroureterectomy is still seen as the gold standard treatment method for UTUC. Nevertheless, minimal invasive treatment options like endoscopic management seem to be more of a prevalent alternative for certain patient groups, due to the fact that the morbidity and the risk of dialysis is decreasing and the likelihood of the patient’s survival is not impacted. At present, under the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines, if all conditions such as; (a) unifocal disease, (b) tumour size < 2 cm, (c) negative for high-grade cytology (d) low-grade URS biopsy, (e) no invasive aspect on CT, (1) are being fulfilled, then kidney sparing surgery should be performed. The purpose of this literature review is to compare different minimal invasive treatment procedures and their oncologic outcomes. The criteria from the EAU guidelines (2022) were taken to define low-risk UTUC. Another point of discussion is the instillation of topical agents, such as bacillus-calmette-guéurin (BCG) in the upper urinary tract (UUT). Conclusions are done based on the analyzed studies. |
| Dissertation Institution |
Vilniaus universitetas. |
| Type |
Master thesis |
| Language |
English |
| Publication date |
2022 |
