| Abstract [eng] |
The aim of the literature review: to select scientific articles related to borderline personality disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adult and their differential diagnosis using publicly available and Vilnius University subscribed databases PubMed, UpToDate, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, ClinicalKey, Nature. Borderline personality disorder is the most common personality disorder in clinical practice, with a prevalence of 1.6 to 5.9% in the general population. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder, which in 50% of cases persists into adulthood and makes up 2.8-3.6% of the population. Both disorders are associated with severe dysfunction, adverse life events, and physical health problems. The treatment of the two disorders differs significantly, so it is necessary to be able to differentiate them precisely. Symptoms of borderline personality disorder are associated with impaired function of the fronto - limbic network, which impairs the regulatory effect of the prefrontal cortex on the amygdala. Symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adult are associated with dysfunction of the dopaminergic system, alterations in the cortical regions of the brain, the basal ganglia, the cerebellum, and the default mode network. Both disorders are characterized by deficiencies in executive functions, neurological soft signs. In both cases, difficulties in interpersonal relationships, deficiencies in the theory of mind, low self-esteem, impulsivity, and dysfunction of emotional regulation are observed. Fear of real or perceived abandonment, feelings of disturbed identity, high levels of self-harm without suicidal intent, suicide attempts, stress-related paranoid ideation and symptoms of dissociation are specific to borderline personality disorder. Due to the frequent co-occurrence of these disorders and their overlapping symptoms, hypotheses have been made about their connection. |
