| Abstract [eng] |
THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES REFERING TO FORGERY OF DOCUMENTS AND POSSESSION OF FORGED DOCUMENTS Constantly improving informational technologies more and more get into our daily routine: nowadays it is widely spread internet payments, purchases, signing on-line agreements using electronic signatures. However, paper documents or other made of appropriate materials, which have material evidence, still have a very significant impact on our life. Its convey different aspects of states’ public works, which are inevitably in our everyday cares (money banknotes, identity cards, civil acts certificate and etc.). While such significant impact of documents on our life exists, there always be a need to change something in those documents seeking selfish interests, trying to hide mistakes, get rich, therefore different documents are being forged. Document – contains fixed information, do not matter what are the fixing methods and information storages (information was applied using ink, either by hand (to make a hand-written document) or by a mechanical process (such as a printing press, more recently, a printer), it was audio or video recorded, stored in computer, photographed and etc.), as well all the document copies made using any of named above ways. Although laws of penal code of Lithuanian Republic consolidate two main forms of documents, which can be used as a proof: a) documents, as a self-independent form of evidence and b) documents, as an object, which has an importance for investigation, however more often documents are related to written forms (protocols, act of revision and etc.). According to nowadays point of view also estimating the technical progress, it is obviously too narrow to interpret the documents only as written acts, formulating the legal and criminalistic document meaning. In this paper work will be revealed not only single definition of “document”, its indications and types, but also using the method of comparison analyze will be compared the ways how legislator defines concept of the document in criminal process law, criminal law, and in criminalistics. The object and subject of the research. The research object – relations governed by law, which appear investigating the crimes referring to forgery of documents and possession of forged documents by criminal policy officers, public procurators, judges, specialists, experts, counsel for the defense, witness, accused and other persons who involved into investigation. The research subject is crime investigation practice: the joint investigation practice of those crimes and the investigation practice of the expertise, and other processing and non-processing acts separately. The aim of the work. The main aim of the work is to make and to ground a common model for investigation of crimes referring to forgery of documents and possession of forged documents (to give versions, check them, to prepare the activity plan). The method and sources of research. This paper work is based on laws and acts of Lithuanian Republic, criminal justice, the analyze of work of Forensic Science Center of Lithuania (ex governmental institution of legal system of the Republic of Lithuania), used law experience of different governments, criminalistics, criminal law and process, literature on statistics. |
