| Abstract [eng] |
Rise of Populism in Central and Eastern Europe: Hungarian Case Political aftermath of collapse of communism led to rapid economic and political transformation efforts within Central and Eastern Europe, guided by neo-liberal thought. Hegemonic position of neo-liberalism decayed over time, leading to a crisis of hegemony. It is argued that rise of populism after post-millennium is a counter-hegemonic reaction to mentioned crisis. Arendtian analysis of counter-hegemonic movement offers rich possibilities waiting to be discovered. For this purpose, Hungarian populism is an interesting case to study. For this purpose, definition of populism has been given raising above three main pillars of ideal typology, polarization and pragmatism. Then, grassroots of populism tried to be addressed by Arenditian concept of mob to describe features of populism further. Analysis of neo-liberal political though is also focused on in order to discover certain difficulties risen by it, which evolves around concepts of vita activa by Hannah Arendt and post-politics by Chantal Mouffe. Further material/structural constrains have been evaluated to be able to see economic particularities giving way to rise of populism within the country by focusing economic liberalization and state apparatus Later, populism in power is observed by examining para-fascist features of Hungarian populism and crony-capitalist circles within the country. In the end, republican political thought is seen as a tool to empower democracy within region and country. This is in correlation with the analysis made by Arendtian concepts and focus on institutions and civic society. Last, concluding remarks have been given about each chapter to finalize the analysis for rise of populism in Hungary and Central and Eastern Europe. |
