| Abstract [eng] |
In year 1984 H. Kaelble drew a line between the work of sociologists and historians. He pointed out that there was a need for debate between sociologists and historians on social mobility. In Western historiography is an infinite amount of work on social mobility and social strategies, while in Lithuanian historiography there is little other work on the subject. Although literary and educational historians have outlined the link between social mobility and birth order during the Soviet occupation. Sequence, but this has not been further explored. Lithuanian historiography also did not examine the impact of the geographical proximity of educational institutions on the population. It was also completely unexplored the effect that the declassation of the nobility had on the peasants and the extent to which the peasants could take the opportunity to at least try to become the nobility when the tsarist Russian government alloved nobility to enter. Moreover, it has not been clear in historiography so far how peasants could use the aspiration to become nobles to ensure the social mobility of themselves and their children. In order to answer these and all other questions, Kražiai and Užventis parish registers, parish lists, visitations of Kražiai and Kolainiai schools, as well as Kražiai and Užventis parishes, manor inventories and other documents were used. An analysis of these sources found that often nobles were recorded as nobles in their children‘s birth metrics, so the number of newborns in the nobility often correlated with the dates when the nobility had to confirm their nobility. It has been observed that the number of newborns of baptized nobles began to decline gradualy from 1827, when the peasant were forbidden to enter secondary schools. The analysis of the above-mentioned sources pointed out that there were peasant families from which only those children whose parents were recorded as nobles in their birth metrics studied. However, there were also students in Kražiai and Kolainiai schools whose parents were not called nobles in their metrics. It can be said that this is confirmed by historiography, when in the western part of Vilnius gubernia there was there was a practise for students to hide their low origin, but the school management did not forbid the study of the peasants, and they could study even after 1827. Insurance has often been able to circumvent the law. The study found that parents usually only admitted on child to school, more often elderly by the birth order. It was also found that in Kražiai and Kolainiai gymnasiums, at least in 1823, not much students from Kražiai and Užventis parishes studied. |
