| Abstract [eng] |
The hand hygiene strategy is essential for controlling the spread of infections. FDA (Food and Drug Administration) has declared that antiseptic handwashing products are capable of reducing bacterial infections compared to non-antibacterial. Such soaps can remove from 65 to 85 % of bacteria from the skin of a person. On the world market, the variety of antibacterial soaps is very wide and growing, they contain a large amount of different active ingredients, which can also have side effects. Therefore, it is very important to improve the effectiveness of antibacterial soaps, create safer antiseptic active ingredients and reduce the resistance of microorganisms to these substances. For solving these issues metal ions can be used as potential components, which antibacterial activity properties allows them to be used effectively for the synthesis of antibacterial soap. The compounds of Fe and Zn alloyed β-Ca3(PO4)2 (TCP), Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 (CHA) and Ca10(HPO4)(PO4)6 (WT) were selected as the active components of such soap for the study, which, due to the integration of metal ions into the crystalline form of calcium phosphates (Ca-P), also alter the solubility and crystallinity of compounds, such Ca-P are already capable of having antimicrobial and bactericidal properties. The study synthesized Fe and Zn alloyed Ca-P: total precipitation TCP, sol-gel method CHA and dissolution-precipitation method WT compounds with different concentrations (0,1-5 %) was added to soap. The results of XRD, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy analyses suggested that single-phase Fe and Zn alloyed Ca-P compounds were obtained, after saponification reaction in a solid soap mixture was (CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COONa), (Na2CO3H2O), (Na2CO37H2O) and (NaHCO3Na2CO32H2O) compounds. Lower concentrations (0,1-0,5 %) Ca-P antibacterial soap diffractograms show little or no traces of phosphates and higher concentrations (1-5 %) there are already more intense reflection peaks attributable to Ca-P compounds. The SEM analysis revealed that the surface morphology of 0,1-5 % Fe and Zn alloyed TCP and CHA composites is different from ordinary solid soap, but their surface morphology is largely independent of the amount of TCP and CHA introduced, while the morphology of 0,1-5 % Fe and Zn alloyed WT composite surface depends little on the amount of WT introduced. According to the results the disc diffusion method, all Ca-P soaps alleged with Fe and Zn are characterized by antibacterial activity. The effectiveness of antibacterial soaps depends on concentration of Ca-P added, on the least effective soap of 0,1 % with 6,55 mm inhibition zone, the most effective of 5 % Ca-P soap composites, inhibition zone 9,89 mm; on soap concentration in solution, least susceptible to microorganisms 50 mg/ml soap, inhibition zone 7,84 mm, mainly sensitive Ca-P soap with a concentration of 150 mg/ml, inhibition zone 8,56 mm, finally on the type of bacteria, the S. saprophyticus bacteria is less resistant to Ca-P compounds than E. coli (inhibition zones 8,29 and 8,11 mm). Fe and Zn alloyed CHA compound is the most effective antibacterial soap ingredient. |
