| Abstract [eng] |
The object of the research is the hyper-function of the case subject determined by verbs. Hence, the specifics of the case function is to express relation, it that the case is a syntax phenomenon; the nature of the case category is syntactic. In the paper, the cases of the Lithuanian language are analyzed in the functional aspect: from function to form. The objective of the paper is to determine the functions comprising subject hyper-function based on semantic types of the verbs. The paper aims to emphasize a crucial role of the verb revealing its semantic relations with nouns or its equivalents which perform a subject role. As the research shows, the hyper-function of the subject determined by action or state verbs comprises of agent’s [A], patient’s [P], percipient’s [Pcp] and beneficiary’s [B] semantic functions. The determination of the subject hyper-function is defined as the function of actor, possessor of inner and outer states and function of receiver. The hyper-function of the subject is determined by predicate, a semantic type of the verb. Agent’s [A] semantic function is defined by action verbs denoting movement of the subject, physical action, verbal action, actions related to people’s communication and contacts, willfully produced sounds, occupation and physiological or mental action. Patient’s [P] semantic function is defined by verbs of outer state, denoting comprehended state of the subject senses, state related to existence, physiological state and change of states. Percipient’s [Pcp] semantic function is defined by verbs of inner state, denoting senses of the subject and mental state related to thinking. Beneficiary’s [B]semantic function is determined by verbs of inner state denoting the subject’s possession, lack and reception. The entities of various semantic functions of the subject belong to various lexical groups (people, animals, things and abstract matters). The subject in the sentence can be expressed of various parts of speech (noun, pronoun, pronominal participle, adjective and numeral) by nominative, genitive, dative in active and passive voices, by different word combination and meaningful units. |
