| Abstract [eng] |
The object of the master thesis is similarities and differences of gender in leadership. The target of the study is to analyse similarities and differences of female and male leaders personal qualities as well as governance and communication skills. The tasks of the thesis are to analyse impact of socialization process on developing of social gender; to survey the theories of gender communication; to analyse distinctions of gender communication in institutions as well as gender stereotypes impact on communication; to approach the concept of efficient leadership as well as similarities and differences of genders in leadership; to analyse the attitude of employees in institutions towards male and female leaders personal qualities, governance and communication skills and efficiency. Lithuanian scholars have not made any comprehensive and long-term researches on the gender communication and leadership. It is still unknown which attitudes are dominating in the Lithuanian society influenced by western patriarchal society towards: Gender in leadership; the personal qualities attributed to leaders; Governance and communication skills of women and men. According to supporters of biological sex communication theory biological differences between women and men also determine behaviour of individuals. However, when behaviour distinctions of women and men are surveyed it becomes obvious that the deepest influence is made by the culture, an individual is living in, as well as by tolerated and impelled roles when communication depends on patterns accepted in appropriate situations in this culture. Social gender, its distinctions, attributed roles, qualities and the most significant skills are being constructed by society in cultural socialization process applying norm and information pressure. The aim of patriarchal society – to divide genders by attributing to them playing roles tactics and social practices – pervades all layers of individual’s social reality: from the most important roles in the live of every individual – his family – till preschools, toys, clothing, books, television, high schools, jobs. There is the authority and power rule applied in Lithuania – one who is in an authority position builds conditions of live and social activities and makes a lot of effort so this conditions would be lively and carried out. Leaders of both genders have more similarities then differences. The personal qualities necessary to be an efficient leader are possessed as by female as by male leaders. Women are able to govern and communicate perfectly. They show traditionally attributed to men qualities and are setting themselves free from many stereotypes as well as proving the ability to match necessary in this society qualities with women’s diplomacy and creativity. The larger differences can be detected while analysing gender governance and communication styles however these differences are interpreted and accepted as advantages. Though leaders manly are men in Lithuania in the largest number of situations leader is taken not as an representative of the particular gender but as an professional and competent head of an group or an institution. The existing stereotypes that for women her family is more important only partly can prevent for females to seek a career of an leader, because there is big influence of the other factors – self-confidence of women, fear of others opinion, probably, weak inducement of female leader rise in areas of social life. The master thesis can be useful for business companies which aim to recognize characteristic qualities of male and female leaders and they personal potential, to understand attitudes of employees toward male and female leaders. The thesis can be useful also for management and information disciplines lecturers and students. |
