| Abstract [eng] |
The paper deals with the analysis of the Valakas Land Reform heritage which embraces all the remaining objects formed under the impact of the reform and their relics: the landscape formed during the reform period and its separate elements, such as reconstructed small towns, newly designed street strip villages, their cemeteries and the network of roads and estates. The object of the work has been analysed from two perspectives: heritage analysis and heritage protection. The research has been organised in order to purposefully cognise the variety of the Valakas Land Reform heritage and expand the exploration of the extensively vanishing heritage by developing the conception of the Valakas Land Reform heritage. The work aims at the analysis of the circumstances of the valakas type landscape formation, the identification and localisation of the Valakas Land Reform heritage and description of the heritage situation from the perspective of heritage protection. During the investigation it was determined that, when in the middle of the 16th century in the state owned lands of the Great Duchy of Lithuania the Valakas Land Reform started being accomplished, it initiated the first planned reorganisation of the earlier formed landscape. During the period of the reform, due to the new system of land owning and organisation of land exploitation the village structure, their design and networks of local roads were reorganised, some part of towns and small towns redesigned and the network of state estates expanded. Under the impact of these factors the valakas type landscape began to form in the 16th century whose separate elements had remained unchanged for entire four centuries reaching the first decades of the 20th century. The structure of the valakas type landscape started declining in the 19th and the 20th century, when the individual farm reform and the Soviet kolkhoz reform started being accomplished at the beginning and in the middle of the 20th century respectively. Some elements of such a landscape, i.e., street strip villages, ancient village cemeteries, fragments of the rectangular shape of the redesigned towns and the fragmental network of roads remained until today. No doubt, in the contemporary landscape, they may be recognised as the objects of heritage. The paper offers the first complex analysis of the Valakas Land Reform heritage – from the identification and localisation of the heritage related with the Valakas Land Reform to its registration and protection. |
