| Abstract [eng] |
Hemorrhoidal disease is one of the most common perianal diseases, which often occur during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Several independent risk factors are known for hemorrhoidal disease in pregnancy, one of the best known and most modifiable being constipation. This study is the first prospective, randomized study in pregnant women, the aim of which is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of dietary, physical activity and bowel recommendations that reduce constipation for the prevention of hemorrhoids during pregnancy and after delivery. The results of the study showed that nutrition, physical activity, and defecation hygiene recommendations presented in this study are effective (participants were 2.5 times less likely to have haemorrhoids after childbirth) and safe for pregnant women (no statistically significant differences were found between the study groups when assessing the frequency of miscarriage, premature birth, and newborn pathology). Mean newborn weight ≥ 3380 g and consumption of eggs several times a week may increase the risk of postpartum haemorrhoids. Mean newborn weight ≥ 3380 g and maternal BMI ≥ 21.48 are independent risk factors for anal pathology. Pregnant women who exercised and were physically active were less likely to get sick. We did not determine the impact of haemorrhoids on the health of newborns. During the last decade, significant changes in the social, physical activity, obstetric, bad habits, and nutritional factors of pregnant women have been observed. |
