| Abstract [eng] |
DARIUS JAKIMAVIČIUS STATIONARY HYDROLOGICAL MEASUREMENT IN LITHUANIA DURING 1810-2005 SUMMARY The aim of the thesis is to analyze all available information about the stationary hydrological; measurements in rivers, lakes and water reservoirs in Lithuania’s territory; to observe their historical development, region specificity and to foresee essential development tendencies of hydrological monitoring network. There were formulated tasks that should help to seek the aim of the master thesis: 1. To collect data about historical development of hydrological measurement and stationary hydrological measurement in rivers and lakes in Lithuania’s territory; 2. To compose maps where stationary hydrological measurements in rivers, lakes, and water reservoirs in Lithuania’s territory are presented; 3. To evaluate contemporary state of Lithuanian hydrological measurements’ network and suppose possible development trends in the future. All information provided in the thesis is based on materials from Lithuanian hydrometeorology bureau archive and selected from yearbooks of water measurement stations from 1810 till 2005. There should be mentioned that there were no such wide scope maps on hydrological measurements history for more than 30 years. Methodology of the work consists of collection, processing and analysis of data, maps’ composition, evaluation of contemporary Lithuanian hydrological measurements network’s state and providence of trends for further measurements. According proposed work methodology there are provided historical survey of hydrological measurements in Lithuania; information on 300 permanent and 75 seasonal hydrological stations beside rivers; 40 hydrological stations by lakes and water reservoirs. There are graphically presented shift of number of stations besides rivers, by lakes and water reservoirs in different periods. There are discussed programs of stations’ measurements and duration of activity. In the work there are provided originally made maps where water measurement stations besides rivers and by lakes and water reservoirs are presented. Based on recommendations provided by World Meteorology Organization in the work there is evaluated contemporary state of Lithuanian hydrological monitoring network and intended future development trends. Main conclusions: 1. Stationary hydrological measurement network in Lithuanian rivers was founded in 1810 and in lakes only in 1926. 2. Wider measurement program in hydrological stations was started since 50-ties (20th century). Till that time in stations beside rivers there were measured water level and runoff; and in stations by lakes and water reservoirs – water level and ice depth. 3. In Lithuania during the investigation period there were 12 water measurement stations beside rivers that functioned for more than one hundred year. In that amount station Nemunas – Tilžė for 180 years, Nemunas–Smalininkai and Atmata–Rusnė for 195 years. 4. In Lithuania there were 3 water measurement stations by lakes that functioned for more than 50 years, among them water measurement station Dusia–Meteliai for 60 years. 5. There were measured water level in the water measurement stations beside rivers, that there were measurements of runoff, ice depth, water temperature, and other. In lakes there were measured water level, rarely ice depth, water temperature and chemical water composition. 6. According recommendations provided by World Meteorology Organization (1 water measurement station has to represent square not more than 1000 km2) there were found that in Lithuania there is a smaller number of stations. Based on data from 2005 in Lithuania there were 52 stations, but according calculations there should be 74. These facts indicate development of the network of hydrological measurement. Master thesis could be useful to scientists and practitioners interested in historical development of stationery measurement network beside rivers and by lakes in Lithuania. |
