| Abstract [eng] |
Soviet occupation and sovietic occupation zone in Austria in 1945 – 1955 (aspects of strategy and administration) SUMMARY After Germany had executed the occupation of Austria, the politics of the USSR in the respect of the state of Austria was not consistent. until the Moscow Conference in 1943, regardless of the importance of the propagandistic Communist party, diplomats of USSR treated Austria from the prism of German problem. In a way of the conference in Moscow of the foreign office ministers of the Allies in 1943 the most important Second World War memorandum for the Austrian future had been subscribed. Here the myth of “the first victim of Hitler aggression” was consolidated and became acceptable for the allies forces as well as for Austrians themselves. This led to establish the new “historic true”, which separated Austria from Germany. The rehabilitation of little states in the Middle Europe was supposed to prevent the rise of new anti-Soviet unions, in this way facilitating penetration of the soviet influence. According to the Soviet Union opinion, the postwar Austria should had became small independent state, which in the beginning was not supposed to be included to the direct sphere of Soviet influence. Discussing for the occupation zones of Austria, the decision of Soviet Union was determined by the aim to protect borders of Czechoslovakia and Hungary. In the end of the War, while Red Army was by the borders of “Ostmark”, TSRS decided turn military superiority to the political benefit. The plan was fulfilled only partly for the reason that Soviet Union had to follow the decisions about the occupation zones and common structures of administration that were accepted in the July of 1945. The strategy of USSR in Eastern Europe as well as in Austria was based on the “folk front” project. It gain great importance for the local communist party. Following the conception, the democracy of bourgeois should have evolved to the folk democracy and at the end to the socialistic democracy. The final point of transformation was – the communistic state. After the Red Army had occupied Austria, the system of military commandant’s in the occupation zone of USSR was created. The treaty for Austrian control, subscribed between the Allies of anti Hitler coalition, provided common occupation structures which included sections of the council of the Allies, Executive committee and commission if the Allies. Occupational institutions of USSR had militaristic character in the structural schemes and composition of executives until 1953. The process of government was not effective, if was the reason for the reforms in the administration of SČSKA and the structures of commandant are which started in 1952. When the occupational contingent had drawn back, the demilitarization of the occupational institutions was finished. |
