| Abstract [eng] |
The final thesis subject – expression of gender on television; the goal – to analyse the means and tendencies of gender's expression on TV. The fundamental tasks, raised in this work, are as follow: to investigate gender related problems in a theory of feminism; to examine predominant gender stereotypes in mass culture; to divide TV programs and (macro)genres on the basis of gender difference; to investigate the meanings of femininity and masculinity that are getting established by show hosts; to analyse the tendencies of a gender portrayal in humorous TV programs. Using analysis and synthesis of logic, systematization as well as comparative, review and qualitative content analysis methods, one comes to a conclusion, that the paradigm of originating meanings of femininity and masculinity on television, compared to developed conception of gender and sexuality in a feminist theory, is mere static and represents the dominating ideology of normative masculinity. One can meet considerable amount of new femininity forms and feminized images of men, however they do not seem threatening, but rather tolerated by the traditional perception of gender roles. The dominating social meanings of a woman as a wife, a mother or a victim on national television programs outweigh the alternative image of a woman-leader. It is noticed, that the images of women are more constrained by stereotypical provisions than the ones of men and have more negative connotations. Demonstration of the “indivisible” combination of a woman and a private space-household surroundings-daily worries is especially distinct. Television plays a significant role representing, creating and maintaining gender stereotypes. Stereotypes in humorous shows, used as a means to mock at certain social maladies/flaws/groups, laugh at men too, but more so at women. It is stated, that the possibilities of gender expression on television are bigger than it was thought to be in the beginning. Orientation to a wider audience, ensuring its growth first of all by the principle of heterogeneousity, caused the specification of TV genres. Allocation to feminine and masculine is characteristic to genre narrative and macro-genres; the same tendency is evident in programs, classified by their subjects, reality-trick relationship, and shows, divided by the list and purpose of themes. Women who host their own shows are given more severe (double) image standards than men hosts, focusing primarily on the criteria of beauty/looks/proportions rather than on the one of professionalism. |
