Abstract [eng] |
In this study, various electrochemical biosensor design strategies based on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) were explored for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis, including strategies-based on application of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and conducting polymers. While SAM provided a conventional means of immobilizing sensing elements, conducting polymers appeared as a more promising due to their dual role in immobilization and variation of conductivity during electrochemical investigations. Electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) were evaluated assessed as a most suitable for the registration of analytical signal. Among these, PAD was determined as a rapid and effective technique in SPCE-based biosensing, noted for its straightforward operation and low limit of detection. Various severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) biocompounds were tested, demonstrating the efficiency of spike protein as a platform for detecting specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from real serum samples. Additionally, the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein was achieved using molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based biosensors. The explored biosensors show potential for assessing status of immune system and diagnosis of ongoing COVID-19. The analysis highlighted the efficacy of integrating MIP within SPCE platform operating with PAD-based detection, offering advantages such as avoiding the application of additional redox mediators and eliminating the need for expensive biocompounds as sensing elements. |