| Abstract [eng] |
Title. Gynecomasty: Ethiopathogenesis, Diagnostics, Indications for Surgery, Types of Surgery, Results, Complications – Literature Review Author. Vlada Bernotaitė (VI year) Supervisor. Dr. Indrė Sakalauskaitė, Clinic of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery Aim of the study. To conduct a literature review on the etiopathogenesis of gynecomastia, diagnosis, treatment, indications for surgical treatment, surgical treatment methods, results and complications. Methods and materials. A review of the scientific literature using evidence – based medicine sources (PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier) was conducted in 2023 – 2024. Key words used in the search: "Gynecomastia", "Gynecomasty", "Surgery", "Breast", "Mastectomy", "Liposuction", "Pseudogynecomastia". During the search of the scientific literature, 350 full-text articles published in English were reviewed, of which 71 were analyzed. Results. The prevalence of gynecomastia is increasing due to changes in the modern lifestyle and although it is a benign condition, it strongly disturbs psychological well-being and leads to a worsened quality of life. Since the development of gynecomastia is a long-term process, it is often diagnosed when proliferative changes have already occurred in the breast tissue. Although in the literature pharmacological treatment options are available, there is no consensus on the choice of drugs used and the optimal duration of pharmacological treatment. The gold standard of treatment is surgical treatment, which is more effective than pharmacological and provides better aesthetic results and a lower recurrence rate. Conclusions. Due to the wide variety of gynecomastia classifications and surgical methods in the scientific literature, choosing a specific surgical technique in an individual case can be difficult. None of the gynecomastia classifications proposed so far are universally accepted for use. In order to facilitate the work of the plastic surgeon in clinical practice and to achieve the most optimal treatment results, it is necessary to introduce a universally applicable classification of gynecomastia, which takes into account not only breast size and ptosis, but also the dominant type of tissue in the breasts, the quality of the skin and the presence of excess skin, body habitus, and other factors. |
