| Abstract [eng] |
SUMMARY Carcinoma in situ is a non-invasive form of breast cancer characterised by abnormal cell growth in the ducts or lobules of breast tissue. Breast carcinoma in situ consists of two subtypes: ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). Breast carcinoma in situ is most commonly detected by breast cancer screening and diagnostic methods. The main imaging techniques are mammography, which may detect indistinct masses in the breast or microcalcifications. Other commonly used methods for the diagnosis of breast carcinoma in situ are ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The final diagnosis is confirmed by a fine-needle biopsy or surgery and histological analysis of the resulting tissue with immunohistochemical staining. The main aim of the treatment of carcinoma in situ is to remove the abnormal breast tissue cells and reduce the risk of disease recurrence or progression to invasive cancer. The main treatment methods are breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy) or mastectomy. Surgery is usually followed by radiotherapy. Depending on the subtype of breast carcinoma in situ, the degree of spread and the risk factors that may increase the possibility of disease spread and recurrence, additional treatments may be given, such as adjuvant endocrine therapy, which is recommended for patients with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) ductal carcinoma in situ, The prognosis for breast carcinoma in situ is generally favourable, as early diagnosis and treatment of breast carcinoma in situ results in high survival rates and a low risk of recurrence or invasive disease progression. However, a small proportion of cases may recur or progress over time, so it is important to continuously monitor and manage the risk. Individual risk factors such as tumour subtype, histological features, treatment administered and patient compliance with medical advice and a healthy lifestyle can influence prognosis. In summary, carcinoma in situ is a non-invasive form of breast cancer that requires careful diagnosis, treatment and monitoring to ensure effective outcomes for patients. Understanding the main features, risk factors and treatment strategies of DCIS and LCIS is essential to provide patients with appropriate treatment and the best possible prognosis. |
