| Abstract [eng] |
Research topic. How to improve the quality of life in ageing? Justification of the research. The topic of aging is very relevant in a modern society due to the prevailing trend of global population aging, mainly due to longer life expectancy and reduced birth rates. Aging is a complex biological process characterized by the gradual deterioration of physiological functions, cellular structures and molecular mechanisms over time, which decrease the body's ability to maintain homeostasis and respond to internal and external stressors. This multifaceted process is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. In a social context, aging involves changes in an individual's role and status, adaptation to societal expectations and norms, and interactions with peers, family members, and communities. Quality of life is a person's physical and mental health, level of freedom and independence, social relationships, personal beliefs and relationship with the environment. Aging and quality of life are closely related factors that influence each other. The signs of aging are caused by the following risk factors: poor diet, lack of physical activity, poor quality and lack of sleep, loneliness and isolation, which can lead to geriatric syndromes such as frailty, sarcopenia, functional limitations and cognitive impairment that negatively impact the quality of life of the eldery. Aim. To analyze data from foreign literature sources on the most important factors that have a positive impact on the quality of life of the elderly, taking into account the biology of aging, the science of gerontology and geriatric principles that guide doctors who care for the elderly. Objectives. 1. Based on scientific research, to examine what are the most important factors that have a positive effect on the quality of life of the elderly. 2. To analyze and present specific ways in which the most important factors affect the quality of life in aging. Methods. A literature review has been conducted based on the literature selected in the databases such as Medline (PubMed), UpToDate, Google Scholar, BMJ and ResearchGate. Used keywords and their combinations: quality of life, health-related quality of life, ageing. Full-text articles in English were selected if their title, abstract, or keywords indicated that the articles were suitable for this literature review because of the factors analyzed in them, which improve the quality of life in ageing. Conclusions. After analyzing foreign literature sources on the most important factors that have a positive impact on the quality of life of the elderly, it can be stated that the optimization of the components such as physical activity, sufficient and efficient sleep, high-quality and healthy nutrition, promotion of independence and autonomy, improvement of social connections, attention to personal preferences, needs and values, has a significant impact on the aging process at various molecular and cellular levels and makes a positive impact on the quality of life of the elderly. |
