| Abstract [eng] |
Background: Society is aging rapidly. As the burden of aging increases with each passing year, rehabilitation professionals are looking for evidence-based ways to increase muscle mass, strength, and power in older people. Researchers have been studying the effects of strength training on age-related changes in physical and cognitive functions for decades. However, there is still a lack of detailed evidence on how strength training and different training loads change skeletal muscle and blood inflammatory markers in the elderly. Keywords: older population, strength training, inflammation biomarkers, inflammation response, myokine. The aim of research work: To assess the effect of strength training on changes in skeletal muscle and blood inflammatory markers by analyzing published scientific research papers. Tasks of work: 1.Determine the most effective strength training load and response to load for developing muscle mass, strength, and endurance in the elderly. 2.Determine the effects of strength training on changes in skeletal muscle and blood inflammatory indices in elderly subjects. Materials and methods: For the systematic review, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched. The systematic review included randomized controlled trials published in English that used strength training in the elderly. Two evidence synthesis methods were used to assess the effectiveness of the interventions described in the studies included in the systematic review: 1) meta-analysis and 2) narrative synthesis. Results: The search strategy retrieved a total of 7453 articles. Thirty-four studies were included in the systematic review after applying the selected inclusion and exclusion criteria. Significant effects of strength training parameters, "volume over intervention duration" (p = 0.002) and "rest between exercises" (p = 0.005), on increases in brain-derived neurotrophic factor, fibroblast growth factor-21, and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels were found. There was a statistically significant effect of the number of sets on the decrease in interleukin-6 levels. Strength training was found to significantly increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (SMD = 1.12), insulin-like growth factor-1 (SMD = 0.46) and interleukin-10 (SMD = 0.92) concentrations and decrease C-reactive protein (SMD = -0.65), interleukin-6 (SMD = -0.56) and tumor necrosis factor-α (SMD = -0.47) concentrations. Conclusions: 1. Changes in neuroplasticity marker concentrations are influenced by higher training volume over the duration of the intervention and a 120-second rest period between exercises. Anti-inflammatory markers were not affected by any of the strength training parameters. In contrast, the reduction of interleukin-6 concentrations is affected by interventions with four sets. 2. Analysis of the effect of strength training on inflammatory blood parameters in the elderly showed that strength training had a modest effect on tumor necrosis factor-α, insulin-like growth factor-1, and fibroblast growth factor-21, a moderate effect on interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein, and a large effect on interleukin-10 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. |
