| Abstract [eng] |
Research relevance. Cervical cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in women in Lithuania. In 2021 about 540 new cases were diagnosed. This disease affects not only older women, but also quite young women - most of them are between 30 and 50 years old. In the structure of mortality rates, cervical cancer also occupies one of the first places among women with oncological diseases. In 2020 the standardized mortality from cervical cancer reached an average of 3.8 cases per 100 000 women in Europe, and 10.2 cases per 100 000 women in Lithuania. Although cervical cancer is not hard to diagnose, it is only diagnosed at stage II in most countries of the world. And despite that the disease is more often detected in the early stages, mortality rates from cervical cancer remain high both in Lithuania and around the world. Research aim. Evaluate the changes in the incidence of cervical cancer in women, the mortality from it and the survival rate of the patients in Lithuania in the years 1998-2017. Research tasks: (1) To evaluate changes in incidence of cervical cancer in Lithuania in 1998-2017; (2) To evaluate changes in mortality rate of women's cervical cancer in Lithuania in 1998-2017; (3) To determine survival rates of women with cervical cancer; (4) To assess the impact of the cervical cancer prevention screening program on incidence and mortality. Research methods. A descriptive epidemiological research was conducted in this work. The data provided by the National Cancer Institute for the years 1998-2017 were used to analyze the changes in morbidity, mortality and survival. Morbidity and mortality trends were studied and the directions of their changes were evaluated using a logarithmic linear regression equation. Jointpoint regression program 5.0.2 was used for this. When evaluating the survival of women with cervical cancer, the data were analyzed using the SPSS Statistics 28.0.1.1 program package using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to compare survival. Differences were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Research results ant conclusions. During the study period (1998-2017), the incidence of cervical cancer increased almost 3 times, the standardized incidence rate increased from 8.9 cases per 100,000 population to 26.35 cases per 100,000 population. The incidence of cancer among younger women (25-49 years) increased faster compared with older women (50-64 years). Despite the fact that the overall incidence of cervical cancer in women increased annually during the study period, the incidence varied among women at different stages: incidence was decreasing in stage 2-3 and 4, while increasing incidence was observed among women with stage 0-1 and unknown cancer stage. Cervical cancer mortality 1998-2017 analysis of changes showed that mortality from cervical cancer decreased consistently during the study period. Since the beginning of the period, mortality has decreased by 16%, the standardized mortality rate decreased from 15.15 cases per 100,000 population to 12.75 cases per 100,000 population. The research showed that the survival rate of women with cervical cancer increases with age. Also, throughout the research period, 25-49 years age group women percentage of survival was higher than that in 50-64 years age group. The longest survival time is characteristic of the preinvasive stage, while the shortest survival time was observed in the group of women with stage 4 cancer. |
