| Abstract [eng] |
The relevance of the study: tobacco use accounts for as much as 25% of cancer deaths in the world and is the main cause of lung cancer. New ways of absorbing nicotine - electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco - are changing the habits of smokers, and also lead to an increasing number of women who smoke. For this reason, the ever-increasing use of tobacco products poses new and as yet unappreciated risks for changing epidemiological patterns of lung cancer. The aim of the study: to evaluate the epidemiological patterns of lung cancer in Lithuania in 1998-2017. The tasks of the study: 1. To assess changes in the incidence of lung cancer in Lithuania in 1998-2017. 2. To assess changes in lung cancer mortality in Lithuania in 1998-2017. 3. To determine lung cancer survival rates between sex, age groups and different stages of lung cancer. Methods: a descriptive epidemiological study was performed. Data from the Lithuanian Cancer Registry were used for the analysis of the epidemiological patterns of lung cancer. Newly registered lung cancer cases and deaths in the period 1998-2017 are included in the study. Annual incidence and mortality rates (number of cases per 100,000 population) were standardized by gender, age, and stage of lung cancer. The survival rate of oncological patients who had lung cancer during the study period in Lithuania was examined. Results and conclusions: the incidence of lung cancer among men has decreased by 24.7 percent in 20 years, while it has increased by 27.8 percent among women. Although the incidence of lung cancer among women has remained high, the incidence among men has remained significantly higher. The highest incidence rates of lung cancer are observed among persons aged 65-85+. The incidence of lung cancer increased most among patients with unspecified lung cancer, and decreased most significantly among patients with stage 2 lung cancer. The standardized total mortality rate decreased by 12.7 percent from 1998 to the end of 2017. Standardized mortality rates among men decreased by 20.8 percent, among women increased by 30.8 percent. Although the death rate from lung cancer has increased among women, among men remains significantly higher. The highest rates of lung cancer mortality are observed in persons aged 65-85+. Mortality increased the most for unspecified lung cancer, while mortality decreased most significantly for stage 3 lung cancer among men and stage 2 lung cancer among women. The overall five-year survival rate for men was 6 percent, for women - 11 percent. Older patients who had lung cancer during the analysed period had a lower chance of survival. Individuals with stage 1 lung cancer had the best survival rates and were statistically more likely to survive than those with other stages of lung cancer. Overall survival rates for women were 3.5 percent higher than for men throughout the analysed period. Keywords: “Lung cancer”, “lung cancer epidemiology”, “lung cancer prevalence”, “lung cancer survival”, “lung cancer incidence dynamics”, “lung cancer prevention”. |
