| Keywords [eng] |
propaganda, disinformation, media, proxy warfare, weaponization, narratives, meta-narratives, framing theory, Sahel countries, France, Russia, Niger, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic |
| Abstract [eng] |
Summary Disinformation and Propaganda in Proxy Warfare Anatomy: An Analysis of Russian Narratives in Francophone African Countries The Master’s thesis investigates how Russia uses disinformation to influence and weaponize societies not only in the Sahel region, specifically in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and the Central African Republic but also by proxy in France and the West. The study examines the narratives promoted by Russian state media, such as “RT France” and “Sputnik Afrique”, and the way they become modern proxy warfare actors. By analysing 537 articles published between 2022 and 2024 through seven predefined frames, the research identifies 47 key narratives, later distilled into 10 ten meta-narratives: 1) ) France is responsible for destabilising the Sahel region; 2) France and Western countries depend on the African continent’s resources; 3) France is a neo-colonialist country; 4) French media are not credible and objective; 5) The Sahel countries are sovereign decision-makers; 6) The Sahel countries are in an equal partnership with Russia; 7) The Sahel countries must separate themselves from France’s grip; 8) Russia is a guarantor of liberty and sovereignty; 9) Russia is a reliable economic, diplomatic, political and military ally and 10) Wagner PMC is not subordinated to the Kremlin. The meta-narratives crafted by Russian media blame France and Western powers for regional issues in the Sahel while promoting the sovereignty and autonomy of Sahel countries. These narratives reflect the complexities of post-colonial relationships and the enduring impact of colonial legacies, questioning the credibility of French media and accusing the West of failing to uphold democratic values. Russian media portray France and Western countries as conflict instigators and manipulators of information, downplaying Russian involvement and highlighting Russian support as beneficial. They emphasize the evolving economic ties between African nations and Russia, expose resource exploitation by France and the West, and depict Russia as a benevolent saviour providing security, stability, and humanitarian aid, thereby shaping public perception against France. The study concludes that the spread of disinformation and propaganda by the Kremlin can effectively weaponize societies. When combined with other proxy instruments and actors, this strategy forms the foundation of modern proxy warfare, where media serve as both instruments and actors. This approach has broader implications for other societies, showcasing the power of media in shaping perceptions and influencing geopolitical dynamics. |
