| Abstract [eng] |
Terms are an inseparable part of scientific language. Terms are found in various textbooks, works of scholars, literary sources, or even audiovisual material, such as documentaries or feature films. In audiovisual content, such linguistic units help to explain various context-related information, raise various issues, educate, etc. In this day and age, with the world becoming more global, audiovisual products are translated into foreign languages, using the process called audiovisual translation, an umbrella term, covering smaller modes, such as voice-over, dubbing, or subtitling. Each of these modes has certain limitations. For example, certain requirements (maximum number of lines, maximum number of characters in one line) are applied for subtitling. This is done in order not to burden the viewer with reading big portions of information in a limited time and also not to cover too much of the screen. Hence, not all vocal information may be placed into the subtitles. Thus, when translating dialogues with many terms, some issues may arise. If all terms are translated with other portions of information, the spatial requirements may potentially be violated. On the other hand, if some details or terms are left untranslated, contextual data may be lost, even though the spatial requirements are met. Therefore, the translator (or the subtitler) faces a dilemma, how to render the information in such a way that neither contextual information would be lost, nor the requirements of subtitling would be violated. For the reasons of valid research, a theoretical framework was established. At first, the concept and grouping of terms are introduced, followed by the importance of terms in audiovisual material and their role in shaping the opinion of the audience and laying the foundation for the challenges, related to term translation. Afterwards, the next step is taken towards introducing the mode of subtitling, as well as concrete spatial and temporal requirements of it, as well as text segmentation. Finally, a process, used to condense and reformulate textual information in subtitles, called text reduction, is brought forward. Two feature films, Oppenheimer (2023, directed by Christopher Nolan) and Tesla (2020, directed by Michael Almereyda) are selected for the analysis. In these feature films, 413 and 226 subtitles with terms respectively are detected. Physics terms are the most frequent, due to the fact that the films mostly revolve around branches of this science. The results of the analysis display that the translation of terms, in some cases, is carried out by selecting the primary meaning of the words, rather than the equivalent established in the target language. Besides, the translation of some subtitles resulted in ambiguity. In the application of text reduction, the most frequently applied strategy is the usage of a shorter near-synonym expression or equivalent. |
