| Abstract [eng] |
The churches chosen for the Master‘s degree work „Inscription of Gelgaudiškis, Plokščiai and Višakio Rūda Churches (Marijampolė District) into the Register: Identification of Valuable Properties, Documentation“ are consolidated by geographical environment and the time of construction. Marijampolė‘s region – Užnemunė – is separated from the whole Lithuania for many years. After the third Lithuania – Poland union division Užnemunė and Sūduva was devolved to Prussia. Užnemunė was a part of Warsaw duchy in 1807 and became a part of Poland Kingdom in 1815. Only nineteen wooden and stone churches survived until our days from 1795 – 1917 years. Gelgaudiškio stone church and wooden Višakio Rūdos and Plokščių churches were built in XIX century but it is known that in that area churches were built much more long ago. Some of the earlier churches could be built in XVI century when the first villages were already formed. The church were the cultural centre of small villages: for years all main events happen there, including feasts that attracted lots of people from neighbour villages every year. The main purpose of this work is to determine valuable attributions including sacramental pieces of art and to prepare documentation for inscribing the following objects into the Register: Šv. Kryžiaus Išaukštinimo church of Gelgaudiškis, Šv. vyskupo Stanislovo church of Višakio Rūda and Šv. Mergelės Marijos Vardo church of Plokščiai. This tasks Master degree work are: a) To look through archival materials and publications, which are releated with sacramental immovable and movable heritage of Marijampolė district; b) To discuss the history and architecture of Gelgaudiškis, Višakio Rūda and Plokščiai churches; c) To determine valuable features and to prepare Culture heritage department near Culture ministry immovable culture heritage evaluation council acts and Arts production inventory. Marijampolės district – the most damaged region in the whole Lithuania in XX century. For this reason the churches are not rich works of art, but they are very important as signs of the spiritual life. Despite the fact that Gelgaudiškiai, Plokščiai and Višakio Rūda churches are not registered, they are valuable monuments of XIX century and represent diffrent architectural styles such as neogothic, folk romanticism and neobaroque. These churches have an authentic plan and structure, as well as their individual features in exterior and interior. Valuable sacramental pieces of art in these churches were already determined, but in process of writing this work for Master‘s degree, a number of new pieces of art were found, dating from the second part of XVI to XX century. These sacramental pieces of art are rated as valuable parts of the church and have been inventoried. The churches of Gelgaudiškis, Plokščiai and Višakio Rūda are important architectural, urbanistical and sacramental aspects. They are valuable sacramental pieces of art in the context of the bank of Lithuanian churches and also cultural and spiritual centers for local and neighbouring villagers. For this reason it is suggested to register these churches as objects of local importance. |
