| Abstract [eng] |
The analysis of the genetic factors that influence human physical capacity Although the making of an elite athlete is complex and includes a range of environmental and behavioral factors, genetic predisposition to athleticism is also important. Physical capacity is a typical quantitative complex inheritable, the phenotypes of which are influenced by multiple genes as well as environmental factors. In most of the cases the morphological and functional parameters of an athlete are associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms of a particular gene. Different alleles of the same gene can have distinct effect on a person’s physical development and working capacity. VO2 max (also maximal oxygen consumption, aerobic capacity) is the maximum capacity of an individual's body to transport and utilize oxygen during incremental exercise, which reflects the physical fitness of the individual. There are many physiological factors that combine to determine VO2max among the most important of which are the functions of the cardiovascular, pulmonary systems and the underlying genetic factors. The aim of this study was to choose and asses the influence of the AGT, AGTR1, AGTR2, AMPD and ACTN3 genetic variants on human physical performance by the analysis of Lithuanian elite athletes and the control group. The AGTR1 c.1166A>C, AGTR2 c.*501A>C, AGT c.620C>T, AMPD1 c.34C>T, MB c.174G>A, ACTN3 c.1747C>T polymorphisms were chosen for the research. The study involved the analysis of the elite Lithuanian athlete groups (compiled according to the athlete qualification and their sport orientation (N-149)) and controls (unrelated individuals (N-250)). Genotyping was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism method (RFLP). The aerobic capacity of athletes was evaluated by using VO2max. The results of this researched showed that in Lithuanian athlete population the T/T genotype of the ACTN3 c.1747C>T polymorphism is more characteristic to endurance athletes. The C/C genotype of the AMPD1 c.34C>T polymorphism is also associated with higher endurance. The A/A genotype of the MB c.174G>A polymorphism is associated with higher athletic achievements in any sporting discipline. The C/C genotype of the AGT c.620C>T polymorphism is associated with endurance while the AGTR1 c.1166A>C polymorphism C/C genotyped athletes have characteristic speed and strength. The association study of the genotypes of the analyzed polymorphisms revealed that the A/A genotype of the AGTR1 c.1166A>C polymorphism has a statistically significant association with a high VO2max index. No association of the other researched polymorphisms with the VO2max index was determined. A statistically significant association of the AGTR1 c.1166A>C polymorphism with the VO2max index shows that the genotyping of young athletes according to the AGTR1 c.1166A>C polymorphism could be used as a recommendatory index to suggest a specific type of sport to a young athlete. A/A genotype athletes would be suggested to choose endurance sports while the C/C genotyped athletes would be recommended to choose speed and strength requiring sports. A lack of significant association of other polymorphism genotypes with VO2max does not suggest that they could be used to predict physical potential of an athlete help predict the optimal sport for a young athlete. |
