| Abstract [eng] |
Human vision is widely studying but untill now there are a lot of unclear phenomenon of perception of vision. It is unclear how human perceive objects only from their images in retina. Usually, due to projective distortion the images of objects in the retina are warped, their sizes depend upon the distance to objects. Despite of these distortions we are able to perceive true objects (that is perceptual constancy). How to explain this phenomenon? According to one of hypotheses, that is the result of special peculiarities of mapping of object image in the retina on visual cortex: if the object is presented in the central part of visual field then its image in the cortex is larger than the image of the same object presented in the periphery of visual field. Perceived size of the object depends on size of its image in visual cortex. That stems from, so called, cortical magnification factor. It is assumed that the same quantity of receptors sends information to the same area of cortex. But photoreceptors are different – rods and cones. It is not clear whether the different type of receptors make different influence on above mentioned distortion of mapping. The aim of this paper is to explore the perception of distortions of objects size considering to the density of photoreceptors and their kind in the retina of the eye. Two kinds of experiments were made. During on the first kind of experiments participations have to mark line in perceived half looking to the point of fixation all the time. The stimuli were shown in the monitor of computer. Position of the mark, which divides line, the participations have to fixate by the keyboard of the computer. During the second experiment participations saw the same stimuli, which were given in the first experiment. They also have to divide lines in perceived half. But this time participations have to mark line’s elements on the paper with pencil not seeing their hand. The results of experiment are not the same results, which were calculated from theoretical model. But apart this it was possible to explore the trends of the lines divides accuracy. The experiments confirmed that it is need to estimate the functions of density of cones and rods separately. The results could be useful making prosthesis of eye, to clear the mechanisms of constant perception. Also the results of this paper are very important to understand the distortions of horopter and boundary of the Panum. |
