| Abstract [eng] |
The goal of this study was to use modern Fourier infrared spectroscopy to analyze the chemical kidney stones composition in patients with metabolic syndrome and to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and kidney stone disease. The study included 34 patients. Metabolic syndrome was defined to the criteria of the AHA/NHLB (American Heart Association/ National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute). Subjects satisfying 3 or more of the following criteria were defined as having metabolic syndrome: central obesity with a waist circumference >102 cm for males; triglyceride ≥1,7 mmol/l; high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ≤0,9 mmol/l for males; blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg, and fasting glucose ≥5,6 mmol/l. The weight, height, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure of patients were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as body weight (in kilograms) divided by the square of height (in meters). The patients were classified as having normal weight, when BMI≤25, overweight, when 25<BMI ≤30, obese BMI>30. Biochemical blood and urine tests were performed. Concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, glucose, parathormone, uric acid in blood, urinary calcium, uric acid, and pH were analyzed. The compositions of the stones were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Differences between groups were tested for significance using t-test (independent samples). The χ2 test was used to compare prevalences. Pearson’s correlation was used to examine the relationship between variables. P<0,05 was considered to be statistically significant. The metabolic syndrome has been diagnosed in 25 (75%) individuals. We found that the most common form of kidney stones was calcium oxalate (41%), uric acid stones (26%) was the second most common form, and the third most common form was calcium oxalate with apatite (24%). Struvite accounted for 6% of all stones. Calcium oxalate with brushite accounted for 3%. A significant relationship was found between metabolic syndrome and uric acid nephrolithiasis. The waist circumference of patients with uric acid nephrolithiasis was significantly higher than that of patients with calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Statistically significant negative correlation was found between HDL cholesterol level and serum uric acid, and positive correlation was found between BMI and triglyceride level and serum uric acid. |
