| Abstract [eng] |
During socialist regime after executed nationalization, the natural resources state management monopoly was formed. The Soviets, throughout the entire state life (1918-1990), followed the man advantage against the nature idea. The key levers that developed a natural control and possession system were a communist ideology, the planned economy and militarized-industrial complex. The master thesis research focusses on the Soviet nature protection policy. Implementation of the policy led the Soviet Union to complex ecological condition. In the thesis it is postulated that the USSR nature destruction mechanism started working immediately after the Russian Revolution, during the first year of the Bolshevik adopted decrees. The Soviet social environmental policies were transferred to the Lithuanian environmental law and administration. In the analysis of collapse of the Soviet environment protection a very important factor is revealed – the Soviet education and populations’ environmental upbringing. The research was carried out critically evaluating and assessing Soviet nature protection law, other written information, and integrating current scientist approach to the Soviet nature protection model. The interview method with contemporary people was applied and was an aid to confirm or reject fragmentary historical resources. The investigation revealed that during the first year of Soviet ruling, nature and natural resources were seen as a legacy of the old regime. Therefore, the motto “Battle with nature” especially fit to Bolshevik ideology seeking to replace the old and create a new “right environment” appropriate for the satisfaction of a new society’s collective needs. When Bolsheviks were creating a new whole the educational institutions have been dramatically transformed and adapted to the Soviet ideology spreading and propaganda ideas were changing depending on political goals. The Soviet nature protection education strategy developed a Soviet citizen as the “nature conqueror” and “the warrior with the nature hero” status in the society consciousness. The education of nature cognition was based on the polytechnic principles for a long time. Master’s thesis confirmed that the Soviet environmental policies affected LSSR environment protection documents, the environment protection as a whole, and the institutions responsible for environment protection and republics natural resources, their use and storage functions were in allied ministries care. |
