| Abstract [eng] |
Background. Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a potentially life-threatening condition caused by a blood clot obstructing the pulmonary arteries, presenting with symptoms ranging from mild (e.g., shortness of breath or chest pain) to severe (e.g., shock or sudden death). Treatment options include thrombolysis and anticoagulants, with the choice of therapy depending on the patient's condition, clot size, location, and risk of complications. Timely diagnosis and treatment are key to reducing mortality and complications. Aim. To analyze and review scientific literature describing diagnostic possibilities, and treatment strategies for PE. Material ands methods. A literature review was conducted by searching scientific publications in the PubMed database. The review included articles written in English and published within the last 10 years (2014–2024). Results. PE risk assessment relies on hemodynamic stability, imaging, and laboratory tests. New-generation oral anticoagulants are recommended for low and intermediate-risk PE patients due to their lower bleeding risk compared to vitamin K antagonists or heparin. Thrombolysis is reserved for high-risk PE, as it significantly reduces mortality. Interventional procedures are used when thrombolysis is contraindicated or ineffective. Conclusions. PE remains a condition with high mortality rates worldwide, making rapid diagnosis and risk stratification crucial to reducing deaths and subsequent complications. By categorizing patients into one of three primary risk groups, it is possible to select the most optimal and safest initial treatment for the patient, thereby reducing the risk of recurrence. |
