Title Tilia species (linden) exert anti-cancer effects on MIA PaCa-2 cells through the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation /
Authors Yüksel, Gamze ; Özhan, Yağmur ; Güreşçi, Dilara ; Güzelmeriç, Etil ; Şen, Nisa Beril ; Bedir, İpek ; Senol, Onur ; Emre, Gizem ; Telci, Dilek ; Petrikaitė, Vilma ; Sipahi, Hande
DOI 10.1038/s41598-025-86457-2
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Is Part of Scientific reports.. Springer Nature. 2025, vol. 15, iss. 1, art. no. 2317, p. [1-17].. eISSN 2045-2322
Keywords [eng] 3D spheroid model ; anti-inflammatory activity ; anticancer activity ; antioxidant activity ; phenolic profile ; Tilia species
Abstract [eng] This study investigated the anti-cancer effects of the chemically characterized Tilia species (linden) on MIA PaCa-2 cells by analyzing various cancer-triggering mechanisms, including oxidative stress and inflammation status. Extracts from the flowers, bracts, and inflorescences of T. cordata, T. platyphyllos, T. rubra, and T. tomentosa were evaluated for antioxidant activity; subsequently, their ability to mitigate inflammation was assessed through in vitro nitrite assays in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The anticancer potentials of the extracts against MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells were investigated in 2D (cytotoxic effect) and 3D (effect on spheroid growth) models in vitro. All investigated Tilia species displayed remarkable antioxidant activity and significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitrite, IL-6, and PGE2 production. Extract from T. rubra bracts showed the highest cytotoxic activity against MIA PaCa-2 cells with an IC50 value of 0.16 mg/mL, as well as the most significant delay on spheroid growth, which was further confirmed through the arrest in cell cycle. In the Annexin V cell death assays of T. rubra, cells treated with the flower extract exhibited the highest rate of necrotic population with 66.53%. Overall, our results highlight a potential use for Tilia extracts, particularly T. rubra, in pancreatic cancer treatment by modulating cell death.
Published Springer Nature
Type Journal article
Language English
Publication date 2025
CC license CC license description