| Abstract [eng] |
The Transformation of Meaning of César Vallejo's Poetry in a Selection of his Poems Translated by Vytautas Bložė The comparative interpretation of Vallejo‘s poetry and its translation by Bložė has an object to see what new ways of perception have been established by the transformations of meaning in the translation. Based on hermeneutical perspective translation is understood not as a result, but more as a process of interpretation. The concepts of significance, meaning and reference, established by Paul Ricoeur, are playing an important role in the comparative interpretation as they help to distinguish what constitutes the core of translation. In this particular case Vallejo’s poetry involves not only the question of how a translator experiences a particular text and how he actualizes the meaning of it in a different cultural context. The poetry of Vallejo reveals the patterns of human experience in general, so it also requires a phenomenological point of view. Thus, the notion of phenomenological experience is used in this context in order to analyze the concept of suffering as the main motive of Vallejo’s poetry and to see how it has been transformed by Bložė. In the first two collections of poems, Los heraldos negros and Trilce, the concept of suffering comes from the inevitable solitude of a human being as it is impossible to share one’s experienced pain with others. There is no distinction between one’s inner world and an objective reality as such thing does not exist. Moreover, the world is seen to be intersubjective, therefore a symbol of home is not a place, but coexistence with others. Thus, the death of a family member creates emptiness in the inner world of the lyrical subject. In Los poemas humanos and España, aparta de mí este cáliz the concept of suffering is transformed by a symbol of Christ which has been humanized and becomes a symbol of the embodied spirit. This leads to a new symbol of masses which is the new Christ. Symbolical unit of “masses” is connected by the concept of suffering as it is now understood as a common denominator of human experience. The most important transformation of the original meaning in Bložė’s translations is the neutralization of any connotations related to communism, as it would have caused a negative response from the Lithuanian reader who might have perceived communism as a hostile ideology due to the nation’s history. Bložė emphasizes the concept of suffering itself and the symbol of human Christ. The hardest obstacle for the translator is a complex form of Vallejo’s poetry as it has several different layers and a close link to the meaning. |
